8/23/2023 0 Comments Mindfulness tao of pooh quotesThought by some modern scholarship to have been written after the Zhuangzi, wu wei becomes a major "guiding principle for social and political pursuit" in the more "purposive" Taoism of the Tao Te Ching, in which the Taoist "seeks to use his power to control and govern the world". Only appearing three times in the second (more contemplative) half of the Zhuangzi, early Taoists may have avoided the term for its association with "Legalism" before ultimately co-opting its governmental sense as well, as attempted in the Zhuangzi's latter half. This "conception of the ruler's role as a supreme arbiter, who keeps the essential power firmly in his grasp" while leaving details to ministers, has a "deep influence on the theory and practice of Chinese monarchy", and played a "crucial role in the promotion of the autocratic tradition of the Chinese polity", ensuring the ruler's power and the stability of the polity. Called "rule by non-activity" and strongly advocated by Han Fei, during the Han dynasty, up until the reign of Han Wudi rulers confined their activity "chiefly to the appointment and dismissal of his high officials", a plainly "Legalist" practice inherited from the Qin dynasty. 337 BC) as Taoists became more interested in the exercise of power by the ruler. The second sense appears to have been imported from the earlier governmental thought of " legalist" Shen Buhai (400 BC – c. The Zhuangzi does not seem to indicate a definitive philosophical idea, simply that the sage "does not occupy himself with the affairs of the world". Described as a source of serenity in Taoist thought, only rarely do Taoist texts suggest that ordinary people could gain political power through wu wei. The first is quite in line with the contemplative Taoism of the Zhuangzi. A "technique by means of which the one who practices it may gain enhanced control of human affairs".An "attitude of genuine non-action, motivated by a lack of desire to participate in human affairs" and.Sinologist Herrlee Creel considered wu wei, as found in the Tao Te Ching and Zhuangzi, to denote two different things. Sinologist Jean François Billeter describes wu-wei as a "state of perfect knowledge of the reality of the situation, perfect efficaciousness and the realization of a perfect economy of energy", which Oxford's Edward Slingerland qualifies in practice as a "set of ('transformed') dispositions (including physical bearing). Describing a state of personal harmony, free-flowing spontaneity and laissez-faire, it generally also more properly denotes a state of spirit or mind, and in Confucianism accords with conventional morality. It was most commonly used to refer to an ideal form of government, including the behavior of the emperor. With early literary examples in Confucianism, it is an important concept in Chinese statecraft and Taoism. Wu wei emerged in the Spring and Autumn period. Wu wei ( simplified Chinese: 无为 traditional Chinese: 無為 pinyin: wúwéi) is an ancient Chinese concept literally meaning "inexertion", "inaction", or "effortless action". For other uses, see Wuwei (disambiguation) and Wu Wei (disambiguation).
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